How does formative assessment primarily differ from summative assessment?

Formative assessment primarily differs from summative assessment in that it is designed to be an ongoing process aimed at enhancing student learning. This type of assessment provides continuous feedback to both teachers and students, allowing for adjustments in teaching strategies and learning activities to improve understanding and performance.

The key aspect of formative assessment lies in its goal of fostering learning while it is happening, rather than simply measuring what has been learned at the end of a unit or course, which is characteristic of summative assessments. By incorporating tools such as quizzes, observations, discussions, and reflections throughout the learning process, formative assessments inform instruction and help students identify areas where they need improvement.

In contrast, the other options emphasize attributes of assessments that are more aligned with summative assessments or do not capture the primary purpose of formative assessments. Summative assessments are intended to evaluate overall performance or assign grades based on completed work, rather than facilitating continual learning.